Video shows what New South Wales means. One of the six states of Australia, situated in the south-eastern part of the continent, with its capital at Sydney.. (1770 - 1850s) The original name conferred on Australia by Captain James Cook, and used to describe the entire eastern portion of the continent.. (1788 - 1901) The colony that was founded in 1788, which grew progressively smaller as other colonies were separated from it, and became a state in 1901.. New South Wales pronunciation. How to pronounce, definition by Wiktionary dictionary. New South Wales meaning. Powered by MaryTTS