1. Artikl otlar oldida ishlatiladigan maxsus so‘zlardir. O‘zbek tilida artikl mavjud emas. Artiklning alohida tarjimasi yo‘q. Ot oldida artiklning ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligining ahamiyati katta. 2. Ingliz tilida ikkita artikl bor: Noaniq artikl (The Indefinite Article) va aniq artikl (The Definite Article). 3. Noaniq artiklning ikkita shakli bor: a va an. An shakli unli tovushlar bilan boshlangan otlar oldida keladi: an opera, an apple, an hour. Qolgan hollarda artiklning a shakli ishlatiladi: a pen, a book, a student. 4. Aniq artiklning bitta shakli bor: the. 5. Noaniq artikl eski ingliz tilidagi ān (bir) so‘zidan kelib chiqqan, shuning uchun ham u faqat birlikdagi otlar oldida ishlatiladi. 6. Aniq artikl eski ingliz tilidagi the (u, o‘sha) ko‘rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan bo‘lib, ba’zi hollarda hozir ham dastlabki ma’nosini saqlab qolgan. 7. Noaniq artikl ishlatilganda otning biror turga (sinfga) mansubligini bildiradi. 8. Aniq artikl otni boshqa shu turdagi otlardan ajratib ko‘rsatganda ishlatiladi. NOANIQ ARTIKL • a va an birlikdagi ot oldida ishlatiladi. Ular “bitta” degan ma`noni anglatadi. • a odatda undosh bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlar oldida ishlatiladi. a boy, a bad day, a cat, a pencil. • an odatda a, e, i va o unlilari bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlar oldida ishlatiladi. • an apartment, an angry man, an elephant, an empty room • Agar birlikdagi otdan oldin sifat kelsa, (masalan, small, old) a yoki an sifatning oldida keladi. I have a small apartment. Menda kichik kvartira bor. I live in an old building. Men eski binoda yashayman. • U harfi bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlarda: (1) Agar u unli bo`lib kelsa, an ishlatiladi: an umbrella, an uncle, an unusual day. (2) Agar u undosh bo`lib kelsa, a ishlatiladi: a university, a unit, a usual event. • H harfi bilan boshlanuvchi so`zlarda: (1) Agar h talaffuz qilinmasa, an ishlatiladi: an hour, an honor, an honest person (2) Agar h talaffuz qilinsa, a ishlatiladi: a holiday, a hotel, a high point. He will arrive in an hoor. U bir soatda qaytadi. New Year’s Day is a holiday. Yangi yil kuni bayram. ANIQ ARTIKL Aniq artikl (The Definite article) – the – that (o`sha) ko`rsatish olmoshidan kelib chiqqan. U birlik va ko`plikdagi donalab sanaladigan hamda donalab sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan ishlatiladi. • Nomlar bilan THE artiklining ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligi: THE unvonlar nomi bilan ishlatilmaydi. Noto`g`ri: The President Ruslan has been in the news Geografik nomlar bilan artiklning ishlatilishi: Geografik nomlar bilan artiklning ishlatilishi ma`lum qoidalarga ega. Masalan, aniq artikl daryolarning nomi bilan ishlatilgan bir paytda ko`llar nomi oldidan qo`yilmaydi. Bitta tog` (yoki bitta orol)ning nomi artiklsiz ishlatilsa, tog`lar tizmasi nomi oldidan, albatta, aniq artikl qo`yilishi shart. Qit`a va geografik joylar THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: America, North America, South America, Latin America, Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Antarctica; Northern Africa, Eastern Europe, Western Europe, Central Europe, Central America, Southern Asia, South Asia, Southeast Asia. THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the Western Hemisphere, the Eastern Hemisphere, the Arctic, the Antarctic, theNorth, the East, the Southwest, the Far East, the Middle East, the North Pole. Okean, Dengiz, daryo, kanal, sharshara, ko`l nomi oldidan the artikli ishlatilishi va ishlatilmasligi: THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the Atlantic Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Arctic Ocean, the Indian Ocean;theMediterranean Sea, the Baltic Sea, the Black Sea, the Caspian Sea; the Amazon, theMississippi, the Nile, the Volga, the Amu Darya; the Panama Canal, the Suez Canal, the English Channel, the Victoria Falls, the Niagara Falls, the American Falls, the Canadian falls THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: Lake Baikal, Lake Ontario, Lake Michigan, Lake Geneve, Crater Lake; biroq:the great Salt Lake, the Great Lakes. Orollar THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the British Isles, the West Indies, the Kuril Islands, the Bahama Islands, the Azores, the Canary Islands, the Philippines. Tog`, Vulqon, Tepalik nomlari oldidan THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: Everest, Fuji, Kilimanjaro, Elbrus, Mount Whitney. Capitol Hill, Telegraph Hill THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the Himalayas, the Rocky Mountains, the Caucasus, the Ural Mountains, thePaamirs, the Andes, the Alps.the Black Hills, the Berkshire Hills. Cho`l, vodiy nomlari oldidan THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the Sahara, the Kalahari Desert, the Arabian Desert, the Kara Kum the Ruhr Valley, the Nile Valley, the Central Valley, the Valley of the Kings Biroq: Death Valley, Silicon Valley. Yarimorol, burun THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the Kamchatka Peninsula, the Indochinese Peninsula, the Balkan Peninsula, theIberian Peninsula. Biroq: Kamchatka, Indochina. THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: Cape Horn, North Cape, Cape Canaveral, Cape Chelyuskin. Mamlakat, davlat, shtat nomlari oldidan THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: England, Great Britain, Ireland, Holland, France, Denmark, Belgium, Spain, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Germany, Poland, Russia, Hungary, Greece, America, Canada, Mexico, Australia, New Zeland, Saudi Arabia, Israel, Egypt, Morocco, Iran, Turkey, UZBEKISTAN. THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the United States of America, the United Kingdom, the Russian Federation, the Netherlands, the Philippines, the Federal Republic of Germany, the Republic of Cuba, the Kingdom of Denmark, the Kingdom of Spain, the State of California. Shaxar nomlari oldidan THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: Amsterdam, Barcelona, Berlin, Cairo, Delhi, Lisbon, London, Los Angeles, Madrid, Moscow, New York, Tennessee, Ohio, Texas, Tashkent, Rome. Biroq: the Hague. THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILADI: the City of Athens, the City of Moscow, the City of New York, the City of Oslo, the City of Tokyo Ko`cha, prospekt, yo`l nomlari oldidan THE ARTIKLI ISHLATILMAYDI: Main Street, Wall Street, 42nd street, Oak Alley, maple Boulevard, Fifth Avenue, Sixth Avenue, Lexington Road, Highway 66 Biroq: the Arbat, the Mall #GяαммαтιкМανzυļαя